A Comparative Study on the Efficacy of School-Based Health Programs in Reducing Childhood Obesity
Submission: 07 November 2024 | Acceptance: 02 February 2025 | Publication: 01 March 2025
1Dr. Syed Aqeel Shah Gillani, 2Dr. Adil Umer Khan, 3Dr. Sarah, 4Taimoor Ghori, 5Khurram Ali, 6Marwa Riaz
1AP, BMC, Quetta
2Professor of Community Medicine, Health Services Academy, Islamabad
3BMC. Quetta
4PIMS Islamabad
5PIMS Islamabad 6UHS Lahore
6UHS Lahore
ABSTRACT:
Background: Childhood obesity has become a significant public health issue globally, with long-term consequences on physical and mental well-being. Various strategies have been implemented to address this concern, among which school-based health programs have gained prominence. These programs aim to promote healthy eating, physical activity, and overall wellness. However, there is limited evidence on their comparative efficacy in reducing childhood obesity.
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of school-based health programs in reducing childhood obesity, comparing the effectiveness of different interventions in improving dietary habits and increasing physical activity among children.
Methods: The study was conducted at Fauji Foundation Hospital from October 2023 to September 2024, with a study population of 80 children aged 6-12 years. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups: a group receiving nutrition education, a group receiving physical activity interventions, and a combined group that received both interventions. Pre- and post-intervention measurements, including BMI, waist circumference, and dietary assessments, were recorded. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22 to compare the outcomes across the groups.
Results: The combined intervention group showed the most significant reduction in BMI and waist circumference, with a 5% decrease in BMI and 4% reduction in waist circumference (p<0.05). The physical activity-only group demonstrated a 3% reduction in BMI, while the nutrition education-only group showed a 2% decrease. Dietary improvements and increased physical activity were also observed, particularly in the combined intervention group.
Conclusion: The study concluded that school-based health programs, particularly those combining both nutrition education and physical activity interventions, were most effective in reducing childhood obesity. These programs not only improved the children’s physical health but also fostered long-term healthy habits. Further research with a larger sample size is recommended to confirm these findings and explore the sustainability of the interventions.
Keywords: Childhood obesity, school-based health programs, nutrition education, physical activity, BMI, intervention efficacy